What are the three phases of perioperative care?

• A. Pre-anesthetic, intraoperative, postoperative
• B. Preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative
• C. Assessment, intervention, recovery
• D. Preparation, operation, discharge

Answer: (B)

The three phases of perioperative care are preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. This framework is essential for organizing the care provided to patients undergoing surgical procedures.

In the preoperative phase, patients are evaluated and prepared for surgery. This includes obtaining medical history, conducting physical assessments, performing necessary laboratory tests, and educating the patient about the procedure and what to expect. Effective communication and preparation during this phase are critical for minimizing anxiety and ensuring patient safety.

The intraoperative phase refers to the period during the surgery itself. This phase includes all activities that take place in the operating room, such as anesthesia administration, the surgical procedure, and ongoing monitoring of the patient’s vital signs. This phase is vital for maintaining the patient's safety, ensuring sterile conditions, and managing any complications that may arise during the surgery.

Finally, the postoperative phase begins immediately after the surgery and encompasses the recovery of the patient. This phase involves monitoring for complications, managing pain, as well as educating the patient and their family about post-surgical care and recovery. The goal is to facilitate healing and reduce the risk of postoperative complications.

Understanding these three phases is fundamental for healthcare professionals in the perioperative setting, as it provides a structured approach to patient care throughout the surgical process.