What does biological monitoring indicate in the sterilization process?

• A. It measures the effectiveness of sterilization.
• B. It checks for the presence of biological contaminants.
• C. It confirms that intended physical conditions in the sterilizer were met.
• D. It ensures compliance with safety regulations.

Answer: (C)

Biological monitoring refers to the process of using specific biological indicators to assess the effectiveness of the sterilization process. This technique typically involves the use of spores from microorganisms that are resistant to the sterilization method being used, such as steam, ethylene oxide, or hydrogen peroxide.

The primary purpose of biological monitoring is to verify that the sterilization parameters, including the appropriate temperature, pressure, and exposure time, have been achieved sufficiently to ensure that the process effectively destroys all viable microorganisms. A successful biological indicator result confirms that the sterilization cycle was effective, meaning that any pathogens present at the start of the process have been eliminated.

In contrast, the other choices focus on aspects that do not directly pertain to the measurement of sterilization effectiveness. While checking for biological contaminants and ensuring compliance with safety regulations are important aspects of overall infection control and facility operation, they do not specifically measure the outcome of the sterilization process itself.